Infrastructure
- Lack of investment in rail tracks (construction & maintenance).
- Lack of connectivity/missing links
- Differences in gauge across regions.
Equipment
- Shortage of locomotives and wagons.
- Maintenance backlog
- Diversity and multiplicity of operating equipment
Statutory provisions
- Differences in laws and procedures
- Differences in standards
- Ownership and operations
Skills drain
- Skilled staff leaving the continent for greener pastures overseas.
- No capacity to retrain
Information technology
- Infrastructure
- Hardware
- Software
- Human skills
Telecommunications
- – Differences in infrastructure availability and condition
- – Differences in statutory provisions
- – Ownership (public versus private sector)
